D-A Books

With the backdrop of the emerging black middle-class in segregated Washington, D.C., during World War II, author Brad Snyder tells the compelling story of two baseball clubs and the push to integrate one professional league.

There is Homestead Grays founder Cum Posey, who is looking to relocate his franchise from Pittsburgh before the start of the 1940 season. And there is Clark Griffith, owner of the pathetic Washington Senators, who can briefly shuffle aside his racism for a business deal that will bring a new revenue stream to his bank account when the team is playing away from Griffith Stadium.

This initial tenuous partnership delivered a surprise to Griffith; the Grays exemplary play on the field found them outdrawing the cellar-dwelling Senators and galvanizing a new generation of baseball fans. That success - even with onerous stadium leases common when NLB teams played in facilities used by Major League Baseball clubs - helped propel the integration of MLB in 1947.

The era is also seen through legendary sportswriters Sam Lacy & Wendell Smith, Buck Leonard - the greatest pro first baseman - and in the offices of MLB, especially the Senators.

Griffith - who certainly could have worked out some type of agreement with the Grays for players to bolster the Senators before the Dodgers signed Robinson - was only a pioneer in segregation, integrating his team seven years after Robinson's debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers and ultimately fleeing Washington, D.C., relocating his team to the whiter Minneapolis-St. Paul market.

With the success of Robinson came the slow disintegration of NLB - the league that was truly integrated on the field, in the stands and in the front offices - as MLB teams raided the club rosters for established stars and began scouting & signing younger players to contracts.

Snyder has brought this forgotten period beyond the shadows of the simplistic retelling of the past that plagues all levels American history.

Let me be clear, this is a great book, rather than just a very good one. In nine chapters, plus an introduction and conclusion, Washington, D.C., based attorney turned writer has told the powerful and sometimes provocative story of how the Homestead Grays moved to Washington, D.C., and set the stage for the breaking down of the color line in Major League Baseball (MLB). In this important book Brad Snyder moves beyond the singular actions of Branch Rickey's Brooklyn Dodgers and Jackie Robinson, which most people are familiar with, to explore the broader implications of race relations in baseball during the 1940s.

In telling this story, "Beyond the Shadow of the Senators" is filled with heroes and villains. The most significant hero is unquestionably Sam Lacy, a black writer with the "Washington Tribune," a weekly oriented toward D.C.'s large African American community, who consistently called for the desegregation of MLB. Also heroic are the great stars of the Negro Leagues, especially Buck Leonard, Satchel Paige, and Josh Gibson, all of whom came to Washington to play before large crowds in the nation's capital. They demonstrated through their exploits the quality of talent in the Negro leagues, especially when juxtaposed against the hapless play of the Washington Senators of the American League. The villains include Clark Griffith, the financially strapped owner of the Senators whose willingness to rent Griffith Stadium to the Grays proved lucrative, and Grays owner Cumberland Posey who shifted his team from the Pittsburgh area to Washington to cater to the large middle-class African American community in Washington. Both Griffith and Posey had every reason to keep the segregated system intact because of the money they made. Moreover, Griffith was a blatant racist who integrated reluctantly and eventually moved the Senators from Washington to Minneapolis-St. Paul because, as he said in 1978, "you've got good, hardworking white people here" (p. 289).

Ranging broadly from social history to baseball and back, Snyder captures the essence of the history of the Senators, the Grays, and wartime Washington's racial situation. It is a story of love and hate at the same time, as well as the quest for dignity of the minority population in a divided city. "Beyond the Shadow of the Senators" is a powerful book. Enjoy.

Brad is an excellent researcher and writer. This book is not only enjoyable but educational. I met Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe and Lester Lockett, two former Negro League players, a few years ago and their stories started my interest. Brad fed that interest beautifully. I look forward to Brad's next book on Curt Flood and the reserve clause. His attention to detail is consistent with his legal background.

Tim Moreland, PhD
Salisbury, NC

"Beyond the Shadow of the Senators'' is a must read for any serious student of baseball history. The author put a massive amount of research into this engaging account, of which I knew nothing even though I grew up in Washington not long after these events took place. This is an outstanding work in every regard. I have never met the author and I am not an African-American (not that anybody should care); I am just a fan of baseball and its history. If you are, too: Read this book.

This is a great, and true-to-life (i.e., "complex") story about the institution of 'Negro' League baseball and the various parties who profited and railed against it.

Key people that are introduced and brought to life are:
Buck Leonard, Satchel Paige, and Josh Gibson -- three of the greatest ballplayers who ever lived;
Clark Griffith -- the pioneering, penurious and controlling owner of the Washington Senators;
Sam Lacy -- the ahead-of-his-time, DC-native who tirelessly advocated for the integration of Major League Baseball; as well as
Cum(berland) Posey -- the shrewd owner of the Homestead Grays -- the dominant team of the loosely confederated Negro Leagues during the late 30's and 40's.

Tangential to this story are:
the decimation of the post 1933 Senators, mostly due to finances and an inadequate ballpark;
the relative prosperity of Washington DC during the years of the depression and WWII and the partial equality of African-American government workers that led to a vibrant culture and ability to spend on entertainment;
the move by Posey and his "partner" (many of the Negro League baseball teams were financed by numbers entreprenuers) to Washington from their Pittsburgh home and the welcome of their rental payments and gate pctgs. by Clark Griffith;
Judge Landis' death, the increasing awareness of America's incongruity in its fight for freedom and democracy in Europe while maintaining a virtual apartheid culture at home; and
the greed/opportunity of baseball owners to find the best talent at the lowest price which ultimately led to Rickey's "great experiment");

This book also fleshes out the background and conflict around Jackie Robinson, who was rightly judged to be a great man and the right vehicle for Rickey's efforst, and the shared opinions that he was a good, but not all-time great Negro baseball player. [Check out how well a 42-yr old Satchel Paige pitched for the World Championship Indians in 1948.]

The shifts in attitude between "separate but equal" and complete integration by the various parties reveal primarily self-interest. Judged by the standards of our time, I share many others' great respect for Sam Lacy and his tireless, moral advocacy and feel sorry for the Negro League baseball owners who were mostly left with nothing as they rarely had enforceable contracts that protected their relationship with their players.

Clark Griffith was an "innovator" in attracting inexpensive talent from Cuba. Many of these players represented themselves well on the ballfield but would only be acceptable if they were of "Spanish" descent.

Utterly inconceivable now, but the norm for over 60 years (since Cap Anson helped institute the "gentleman's agreement" against employment of African Americans in the early 1880's) was to allow a Major or Minor League ballclup to employ pretty much anyone (Swedes, Germans, Irish, Italians, Jews, etc.) anyone, except African-Americans.

It has often been discussed that without Jackie Robinson (& the parts played by Branch Rickey, Roy Campanella, Pee Wee Reese, Ben Chapman, etc.) the 1954 "Brown vs. Board of Education" decision would not have happened as quickly.

This book provides a wonderful companion story to the integration of major league baseball which, in my opinion, is one of the most significant stories of 20th Century United States.

The first section of this book reads like a mystery thriller only it was true of the situation in London just 100 years before most of us were born. The rampant use of denial, obfuscation, and just plain lies by the medical and political power base is amazing. That is "big egos running wild"! They expressed themselves or failed to express like the EPA at the expense of the health and lives of many people. The book "Reclaiming Our Health" by John Robbins, 1996, shows it is still going on today. Just take note of all the repeated ads for pharmaceuticals you don't need on the network news broadcasts each evening. Critical thinking is necessary to protect yourself and your loved ones. Dr. John Snow was a Master of critical thinking, a gift to the human race! I have read approximately 2 to 3 books a week all my adult life and seldom read fiction. The best books are often first mentioned in a book I read. Elizabeth Royte's excellent book "Bottlemania" tipped me off to this book. Both are must reads. As stated in Royte's book, "We can live without oil, but not clean water".
Blessings on both authors and all their loved ones! They have served their fellow humans very well!

Engaging, enlightening -- could not put the book down. If you drink water you must educate yourself and read this book. Dr Morris weaves his points with medical research history and brings you to the present conclusion, our water is still not safe, millions still die each year from drinking it. His conclusions inspire you to do something about it locally and globally. Thank you for the references, too. I am inspired to read more about these topics and subtopics.

Robert Morris' book is great for anyone who is interested in issues of drinking water supply and safety. For that reason I give it five stars.

I was puzzled by a major omission. Morris mentions repeatedly that population growth is straining the water supply. Why is there no follow-up on this? In the book's conclusion, Morris makes seven proposals to guard against present and future threats to safe drinking water. Population control does not even appear on the list. It should have been #1. Without population control, most of Morris' proposals either won't be possible or won't work to reduce the problem. If we don't take steps soon to stabilize world population, waterborne disease may well become one of the major Grim Reapers doing it for us.

Morris also discusses how strained municipal and other local government resources are in the U.S., making it difficult to invest in necessary water infrastructure. I would like to point out that a major reason governments are so strained is that in the last few decades a huge percentage of local revenues has gone to automobile infrastructure--roads, highways, parking lots, and the like. America sooner or later needs to rethink its love affair with the automobile. For more on this, see Kunstler's book Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape and Shoup's book The High Cost of Free Parking.

I've recently finished reading "The Blue Death" which highlights early stuggles against cholera. Throughout this gripping book, I felt a resonance with a book I read as a child in the early 1940's titled "Microbe Hunters" by Paul de Kruif. De Kruif's description of Pasteur's struggles with rabies was also compelling...and scary! His book sparked my early interest in science. Perhaps, Dr. Morris' book will do the same for today's young people.Gene Primoff

This book is a great read. It provides an interesting and exciting history of the search to find the cause of cholera. It then goes on to discuss the status of drinking water in the US up to the present. Dr. Morris provides science to the reader in the form of a fast moving novel. I would reccomend it to anyone.

As a Christian Conservative, it was eye opening to learn what really happened after the election of 1994. This is truly an insider's view on the whole situation. What I found especially appalling was how the Republicans made sure that no single version of Term Limits could pass. Yet Tom Coburn kept his pledge of serving only 3 terms in the House.

Ever wonder why Coburn, a Republican, keeps getting reelected in a heavily Democrat region? And he got elected to the Senate in 2004 in an election where most Republicans were getting booted out - He won 53% to 41% - a landslide.

Eye-opening read that explains very clearly why and how the political "system" either co-opts or sidelines the Congressmen you hoped and expected could be the honest ones who would effect "change..." This gives the reader a very good understanding of the problem we face today.

Dr. Coburn is one of only a few congressmen who "gets it". Future generations of Americans will look back with anger at how the baby boomers ate their seed corn and saddled them with trillions of dollars of debt. Hopefully, they may appreciate the efforts of Dr. Coburn, who was one of the few who argued against all of the fiscal insanity going on in Washington today.

This is truly inspiring. It will open your eyes to the world of Washington and inspire you to make a difference. Please visit the the web site for Americans for Limited Government in which Sen. Coburn was chair

This book, based on the reviews here, is self-righteous pablum with little factual substance. A better, book, one that I've actually read, is Chris Edwards - Downsizing the Federal Government (Cato).

Having been a start-up company within the past twelve months, BREAKTHROUGH NETWORKING was the perfect guide in developing my personal networking style and identity. Lillian Bjorseth provides clear and easy-to-apply examples of "How to Introduce Yourself" and "How to Work a Room," among many others. I'd recommend it to any businessperson interested in either defining or revising their business identity and actions to maximize success.


Dino Romano
President
www.GreaterCashFlow.com

Breakthrough Networking: Building Relationships that last - delivers huge and is considered a must read for the Progressive Intelligence, LLC members. Each page is loaded with an infinite amount of wisdom creatively outfitted with substance that provides you the understanding to unlocking the whole premise to life - building relations. This is one of those books that you most definitely will keep reading over and over again, as you continue to build your networking arsenal in your quest for certainty in your business and personal lives. This book was so inspiring that it has caused to seek further into Lillian's intellect and experience, where we found, and were inundated with a wealth of information not only during numerous seminars, but through her various other books and publications. Thank you Lillian for helping us set the foundation of Progressive Intelligence, LLC as we continue on making our social contribution in society.

Ryan J. Lewandowski
Chief of Sales and Marketing
Progressive Intelligence,LLC

Now in an newly updated and expanded second edition, Breakthrough Networking: Building Relationships That Last by syndicated columnist Lillian D. Bjorseth is a truly "user friendly" guide to building networking skills in order to control one's own career path and uncover bright future prospects in an era where corporate cradle-to-grave job security is a thing of the past. From presenting the best possible personal image; to staying in touch; to engaging in ice-breaking activities; to dealing with gender-specific discrepancies, and a great deal more, Breakthrough Networking is particularly recommended reading for aspiring and practicing free-lancers in any vocational category or job level.

Breakthrough Networking offers practical, hands-on suggestions for building on networking and communication skills. I have found it a useful and informative resource.

"Breakthrough Networking: Building Relationships That Last," by Lillian Bjorseth, addresses problems that many people have with meeting people, building relationships, and projecting a professional image. In an era where cradle-to-grave job security is a thing of the past, it is beneficial to continue building relationships throughout your career.

"Breakthrough Networking" makes it easy for anyone to network. Bjorseth discusses different networking styles, and through a series of questions about everything from appearance to desktops to office enhancements, the reader can establish his or her own networking personality type. Bjorseth addresses each networking style separately, listing strengths, weaknesses and suggestions for improvement. This personalized approach helps the reader understand how to effectively communicate with other networking styles.

In addition to networking styles, "Breakthrough Networking" also examines the effects of the personal and printed images. Bjorseth explores the positive and negative connotations of different colors, gender-specific discrepancies, and even the importance of seating arrangements.

Another valuable tool is Bjorseth's insight on setting networking goals. She includes checklists of questions to help readers refine their target market and networking strategies. Also included are suggestions on how to find groups to join in order to build a networking pool and how to get more specific results from those suggestions.

Bjorseth also includes a section of ice-breaking activities, games, and workshop exercises to flex the networking muscles such as "Networking Bingo" and "Networking Poker."

"Breakthrough Networking: Building Relationships That Last" is a guide to networking and building relationships from which anyone, regardless of profession, will benefit.

No one knows this business better than Marisa. Buy this book and study it cover to cover. In tandem with my own book, "The Expert's Edge," you will never be without buzz again!

If you are a graphic designer, web designer, or web programmer... or really in any niche arena and want to establish yourself, this book is incredibly helpful and easy to implement. Step-by-step tips you will learn in this book you see everyday on main sites like Yahoo, MSN, blog articles and press releases. Even though a few of the items are dated as this book was written in 2004, this is like having the ear of an extremely helpful PR person with actionable, easy-to-follow reports to take home. If you are proactive with the points that Marisa provides, you will be well on your way to your goal.

If you want to start building your credentials, writing articles in magazines or on the web, a book, media training, making better presentations and pitches, or simply begin building your strong reputation, this is a must!

This is a wonderful book that shows you how to break into the media industry and limelight tactfully, thoughtfully, and proactively. Marisa's book teaches and inspires to no end, offering great guidance in developing your news hooks, coaching you on pitches, and showing you how to create and maintain relationships as your career builds momentum. It also enables you to create your own career without pandering to its readers, letting you choose your own path after Marisa has set out all the options. This is the kind of advice people pay big bucks to get, and as a writer trying to break in, has given me the confidence to go forward with no hesitation at all.

Whenever I pick up this book -- and whatever page I happen to read -- I find good advice.
The book is full of short topics and useful hints on PR and Marketing, things I need to know (or used to know and have forgotten) that I can immediately apply in many areas of my worklife.

Marisa DiVari knows all the secrets of how to promote yourself on radio, TV, and in print. She really knows her stuff. - William A. Gordon, author, publisher, and editor, "Gordon's Radio List"

This book doesn't cover all there is to cover in Calculus 1. It can't, it's too tiny. But what it does do it take you through the logic of increasingly abstract concepts. I found this enormously helpful beyond just helping me understand the concepts (though it did so admirably). I found that this careful progression helped me formalize my own thought process, helped me get more logical.

This won't cover everything you need to know, but I'm a big advocate of the more you know, the better, and this book will help you fill in some gaps.

This book is well written and the author explains the material in an easy to understand manner. I haven't had Calculus for over 10 years and a lot of the material is coming back to me because of the author's style of presenting it. I whole-heartedly recommend this review for those who have been away from Calculus for a number of years.

Professor Gootman is the master of moving from practical everyday arithmetic to higher layers of algebraic abstraction. In Calculus, I too memorized the formulas, rules, etc. and did fine but never really fully understood the purpose of it all. To start with the simple notion of s being a 'position' of an object (ball thrown up in space) and t being time and answering the 'instantaneous rate of change' / feet per second for s(t) was such a refreshing explanation to see. Moving carefully into the next layer(s) of abstraction ( f(x) dy/dx,... ) is his forte. He helped me feel more confident knowing that even with subjects such as abstract algebra and number theory, remembering to try and move carefully 'up' the levels of abstraction will assuredly alleviate pain and frustration.

Great book it helped me pass Calc in high school and helped me get an A in college. Highly recommended. Easy to read and understand

This text is a nice balance between a traditional calculus text and the smarmy calculus by cartoon type books, and it is more math book like than 'A Tour of the Calculus' by David Berlinski in that you get examples and practice problems.
The explanations are written in a relaxed, literate, and very readable style, without being patronizing or silly.
Enough examples and practice problems are provided to get the key points pounded into your head. The examples are worked through step by step with fairly clear explanations.
Be warned. This is definitely a review book or to be used in conjunction with a traditional class and text. It's a very quick pass over the material. It provides some minimal algebra review, but if you are rusty you will want some practice since it assumes you can handle rational expressions and exponents.
I worked through it a chapter at a time over an otherwise lazy week.

"Children of the Lens" is a terrific book. However, we do get a little bit different look at what a lensman is.

Once more, please note that the customs, attitudes, and language come from a time when radio and printed newspapers were our mass media. They will seem dated. Please ignore that. Focus on the story. This is the last installment of what may have been the best space opera of the time.

We are introduced to Kimball Kinnison's children. They are better lens-people than their parents. We, also, are introduced to the notion that the job that seemed finished really needs more work. Here, battles and gore no longer have the main role. The battle may be intense, but it is somewhat more subtle. Just when we think we are at an obvious ending, Smith throws a curve-ball. The plot twist will churn your tummy. Then, well, you will see.

I enjoyed this book. I think you will, too.

The Children of the Lens are the culmination of the Arisian breeding program, and are to be their weapons in the final assault on Eddore.

Kimball Kinnison and Clarissa MacDougall have had four children. Born with the abilities Kim possesses, these kids will become the 'third stage' with an ability to join their minds in an all-powerful gestalt.

They are talented enough that they can shadow the Second Stage Lensmen without them knowing, and help them out. Each of the four has a favorite among the Second Stage Lensmen, even if they won't admit it.

This book has a different feel, in that it is a tiny bit focused on family, and the mental war part of it means the insane space battles are a much smaller part of the whole thing.

The end is the final battle between the Arisians and the Eddorians, with the third-stage Kinnison gestalt as an important part of the assault.

Afterwards, what the Arisians tells the Children comes as a bit of a surprise.

All six books went fast and furious...but what reading!!! Terrific stuff! Smith definitely had the jets to tell one of the best yarns in all of science fiction. All the other reviewers citing how later movies, series, and stories were influenced by these books...WERE RIGHT!!! One of the best science fiction series you will ever read. Period.

Having started the six book series with Triplanetary and ending here, I thought the series started to trail off after Galactic Patrol. Triplanetary has been heavily criticized as giving away too much of the series and of the pro- and antagonists too soon. However when the Eddorians are finally confronted here I didn't feel as much as a build up to their powers as Triplanetary instilled. In Triplanetary you really felt that the Eddorians were almost omnipotent beings and the task before the Arisians in seeding planets, including Earth, preparing for the eventual confrontation to save Civilization. Galactic Patrol really carried on the beginning of the series with Kimball Kinnison, but I thought the quality dwindled starting with Gray Lensman and the dated 50's slang really picked up then. It's not just because it's written in the 50's, I've recently read several works by Alfred Bester, Arthur C. Clarke, and others written in the 50's and they have no where near this level of 50's slang.

Another thing I started to find unappealing is Smith's heavy regard for the `wide girth' of Kinnison and of his space-ax swinging cohorts. In reality, strong ambition comes often from those that have not been so physically gifted in life and so have to fight their entire lives against people's initial reactions to their appearance. Lois McMaster Bujold's Mountains of Mourning of a diminutive protagonist's personal battle against his grandfather's attitude, and possible disgust, of his physical stature comes to mind. So it is with irony that I can picture some skinny kid sitting outside in the 50's reading this book and `barrel-shaped chests" as the big neighbor kids come up to him and say `hey poindexter, whatcha reading...' or something.

However, the originality, and impact this series had upon science fiction cannot be understated and is why I am giving it a respectable four stars. Several reviewers have mentioned that they can see scenes from Star Wars lifted from this series. What I see even more so is what Star Trek lifted from this series. Even down to small details such as a ship having to lower shields in order to fire a weapon against an enemy. And many other movies, tv shows, and books influenced comes to mind including Alien, The 5th Element, Heinlein, certainly the original Star Trek as well as the Next Generation and Deep
Space 9, Wing Commander and others.

255 Pages, Publ 1954.

I have read this series at least 4 times. If you like SCIFI, you will cherish these books and buy the whole collection (as I did).

This is one of my favorite books on Spiritual growth and maturity from a Christian perspective. It is incredibly thorough, so don't plan on this being a light read.

Boa eloquently expounds on God's love for mankind in Spiritual Formation. It is masterfully written yet practically applicable. This is a must read for every Christian!!

Fantastic! A must read second only to the Bible. A great gift for those who really want to be "conformed to His image."

Dr. Boa provides an indepth understanding of who we are in Jesus. He transcends religousness and captures the essence of truly following after Jesus - a clear discipleship of Jesus. He provides great insights on the pursuit of Jesus. Thru Dr. Boa's book you can begin to see the God who truly loves us and has our best intentions in mind. A real must read for those seriously pursuing Jesus.

I really appreciate the timely manner that I received my Book. It was for an upcoming class and I would recommend this book and any book by Kenneth Boa. If you are concerned about your image and how it is personified, read this.

Very happy with this book of low salt cooking. I am a diabetic with high blood pressure...this is a great book. I am very pleased with my purchase !

This is the 3rd replacement of this cookbook I first purchased over 30 years ago. I learned to not fear spices and how to make them work together for new flavor. I also bought my daughter a copy. Mine have been well used over the years. I recommend Herb Burgers and Sweet & Sour Purple Cabbage as old standbys that always turn out delicious. This edition has more recipes, I'm excited to try.

This book is a "must have" along with "The No-Salt, Lowest-Sodium Cookbook", both are ESSENTIAL for anyone serious about low sodium cooking, lots of great advice, information about sodium content in common foods, great recipes - a real bargain.

Most MDs really don't know much other than to tell patients with elevated blood pressures to cut back on the salt.

All the recipes that I've tried have all been tasty. If you really want to get your food intake in order also read the current bestseller "In Defense of Food".

This book is wonderful for cooking with low or no sodium. I bought this because my parents needed to decrease their sodium and potassium. This book does list the potassium count in the nutrition breakdown which helps me. I highly recommend it for people looking for healthier recipes.

I keep wondering why nearly all of the cookbooks have to be in book form. Use spiral bindings, please. Make them easy to use!

My mom bought this book for my son several years ago at a small bookshop. It has been one of our favorites ever since. My son has enjoyed it from 4 years old to 11 and now his 3 and 4 year old brother and sister are enjoying it. This is one of the best. It is geology with a slight spritual undertone - I think anyway! I wish this book was available new to give as gifts.

as someone working with geologists and geology as a career, i found earthsteps to be a fun way to introduce this subject to children. most children are not exposed to earth science, so a book of this calibur should be a part of all elementary school libraries.

This is a very colorful and educational book for kids. It's a fun way for children to learn about geology!

*Earthsteps: A Rock's Journey Through Time* is one of those rare children's books that an adult can also enjoy reading over and over. The illustrations complement the thoughtful and intelligent text, making it a journey to enjoy and to learn from at the same time. My 14 year old read it eagerly, as did my 11 year old. I expected that because they are both voracious readers who have a geologist father, but what I was delighted by was the excited interest of the 5 through 9 year olds to whom I read it at the school where I substitute teach regularly. I highly recommend this fine work to everyone.

I enthusiastically recommend this book! Who knew that the journey of a rock through time was dramatic AND fascinating? When was the last time you considered how a simple rock came to be? This story is as educational as it is entertaining to the children who have read it in my home. I had a five-year-old guest for the weekend, and THIS is the book she wanted out of all the books in my library. She was drawn to this rock and cared what happened to it. It was fun for her to "find" the rock in every beautiful illustration. Every time I read it to the younger children, I learn a little more, too!